Julian Bailes, M.D.

Specialty Neurology

Julian E. Bailes, MD, is the Chairman of the Department of Neurosurgery at the NorthShore University HealthSystem and Co-Director of the NorthShore Neurological Institute.

Dr. Bailes has interests and expertise in the diagnosis and surgical management of several neurological diseases. Dr. Bailes is a recognized leader in the field of neurosurgery and the impact of brain injury on brain function. He has been involved in advancing the understanding of the clinical evidence of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a progressive degenerative disease found in some individuals who have been subjected to multiple concussions and other forms of head injury. His laboratory research has focused upon mechanisms and treatment of cerebral concussions. Dr. Bailes also is a founding member and director of the Brain Injury Research Institute, which focuses on the study of traumatic brain injuries and their prevention. For 22 years he has been a sideline physician at either the NFL or NCAA levels.

Dr. Bailes previously served for 11 years as the Professor and Chairman of the Department of Neurosurgery at West Virginia University School of Medicine where he specialized in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of cerebrovascular disease, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. Since 1994, he has been a neurological consultant to the NFL Players Association (NFLPA), which has supported research on the effects of head injuries on professional athletes. He is the Medical Director of the Center for Study of Retired Athletes based at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. He has been an advisor to the NCAA and also is the Medical Director for Pop Warner Football, the largest youth sports association in the U.S. He is the Director of the NFLPA's Second Opinion Network.

Dr. Bailes has over 120 scientific publications concerning various aspects of neurological surgery, including four books on neurological sports medicine, and performs editorial duties for a number of medical journals. Dr. Bailes has been honored for eight consecutive years as America's Best Doctors and America's Top Surgeons.

PUBLICATIONS

Bailes JE: Review of Lasers in Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery 26:356, 1990.
Bailes JE: Review of Neurological Surgery, Neurosurgery 28:928, 1991.
Bailes, JE: Review of Neurological Surgery, Allen GA (ed) Neurosurgery, 38:1061, 1996.

PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL ARTICLES

Bailes JE, Willis J, Priebe CJ, Strub R: Encephalopathy with metronidazole in a child. Am J Dis Child 137:290, 1983.
Quigley MR, Bailes JE, Kwaan HC, Cerullo LJ: Laser-assisted vascular anastomosis. Lancet 1:334, 1985.
Quigley MR, Bailes JE, Kwaan HC, Cerullo LJ, Brown JT, Lastre C, Monma D: Microvascular anastomosis using the milliwatt CO2 laser. Lasers Surg Med 5:357-365, 1985.
Bailes JE, Quigley MR, Kwaan HC, Cerullo LJ, Brown JT: Fibrinolytic activity following laser-assisted vascular anastomosis. Microsurgery 6:163-168, 1985.
Quigley MR, Bailes JE, Kwaan HC, Cerullo LJ: Histologic comparison of suture versus laser-assisted vascular anastomosis. Surg Forum 36:508-510, 1985.
Quigley MR, Bailes JE, Kwaan HC, Cerullo LJ, Brown JT, Fitzsimmons J: Comparison of bursting strength between suture and laser anastomosed vessels. Microsurgery 6:229-232, 1985.
Quigley MR, Bailes JE, Kwaan HC, Cerullo LJ, Brown JT: Aneurysm formation following low power CO2 laser-assisted vascular anastomosis. Neurosurgery 18:292-299, 1986.
Quigley MR, Bailes JE, Kwaan HC, Cerullo LJ: Laser-assisted vascular anastomosis. Proc Am Inst Physics 146:702-703, 1986.
Bailes JE, Quigley MR, Cerullo LJ, Kline DG: Nerve anastomosis with low-power CO2 laser. Proc Am Inst Physics 146:700-701, 1986.
Quigley MR, Bailes JE, Kwaan HC, Cerullo LJ, Block SJ: Comparison of myointimal hyperplasia in laser-assisted and suture anastomosed arteries. J Vasc Surg 4:217-219, 1986.
Quigley MR, Bailes JE, Kwaan HC, Vidovich D, Nora P, Cerulla LJ: Laser-assisted end-to-end anastomosis. J Reconstruct Microsurg 3:277-279, 1987.
Vidovich D, Bailes JE: Transplantation of embryonic neural tissue with CO2 laser in spinal cord lesions. ACTA Chirurgica Yugoslavia 34 (Supp.) 1:157-158, 1987.
Bailes JE, Quigley MR, Cerullo LJ, Kwaan HC: Review of laser tissue welding applications in neurosurgery. Microsurgery 8:242-244, 1987.
Bailes JE, Quigley MR, Kwaan HC, Nishiura BR, Cerullo LJ, Lastre C: The effects of intravenous prostacyclin in a model of microsurgical thrombosis. Microsurgery 9:2-9, 1988.
Hahn YS, Chiehong C, Bailes JE, Flannery AM, McLone DG: Pediatric head injury in children under 36 months of age: Demography and outcome. Childs Nerv Sys 4:34-40, 1988.
Bailes JE, Seifert V, Quigley MR, Cerullo LJ, Dietz H: The development and future of microsurgical tissue welding with low-power CO2 lasers. Advances in Neurosurgery. 16:20-22, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1988.
Bailes JE, Maroon JC: Management of cervical spine injuries in athletes. Sports Med Clin North Am 8:43-58, 1989.
Bailes JE, Cozzens JW, Hudson AR, Kline DG, Ciric I, Gianaris P, Bernstein L, Hunter D: Primate nerve anastomosis with CO2 laser. J Neurosurg 71:266-272, 1989.
Maroon JC, Abla AA, Wilberger JE, Bailes JE, Sternau LL: Central cord syndrome. Clin Neurosurg, 37, Chapter 29, 1989.
Bailes JE, Hadley MN, Spetzler RF, Baldwin HZ: Management morbidity and mortality of poor grade aneurysm patients. J Neurosurg 72:559-566, 1990.
Onik G, Shang Y, Maroon J, Eichenblat M, Mercer D, Bailes JE: Percutaneous automated biopsy in the diagnosis of primary infectious spondylitis. Neurosurgery 26:234-237, 1990.
Bailes JE: Current treatment of thromboembolic events in neurosurgical patients. Persp Neurol Surg 1:150-164, 1990.
Bailes JE: Management of cervical spine sports injuries. Athletic Training 25:156-159, 1990.
Bailes JE, Herman J, Quigley MR, Cerullo LJ, Meyer PR: Spinal diving injuries. Surg Neurol 34:155-158, 1990.
Bailes JE, Leavitt ML, Teeple E, Maroon JC, Shih SR, Marquardt M, Elrifai AM, Manack L: Ultra-profound hypothermia with complete blood substitution in a canine model. J Neurosurg 74:781-788, 1991.
Bailes JE, Maroon JC: Athletic spinal cord injuries. NY State J Med 91:44-45, 1991.
Carter LP, Grahm T, Bailes JE, Bichard W, Bro B, Hodek J, Lopez L, Septzler RF: Continuous postoperative monitoring of cerebral blood flow using thermal dilution flow probe. Surg Neurol 35:36-39, 1991.
Bailes JE, Hadley MN, Quigley MR, Sonntag VKH, Cerullo LJ: Management of athletic spine and spinal cord injuries. Neurosurgery 29:491-497, 1991.
McCormick P, Spetzler R, Bailes JE, Zabramski JM, Frey J: Thromboendarterectomy for symptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion. J Neurosurg 76:752-758, 1992.
Bailes JE, Deeb ZL, Wilson JA, Jungreis CA, Horton JA: Intraoperative angiography and temporary balloon occlusion of the basilar artery as an adjunct to surgical clipping: Technical note. Neurosurgery 30:949-953, 1992.
Maroon JC, Bailes JE, Yates A, Norwig J: Assessing closed head injuries in football. Phys Sports Med 20: 37-44, 1992.
Maroon JC, Onik G, Quigley MR, Bailes JE, Wilberger JE, Kennerdell JS: Cryosurgery re-visited for the removal and destruction of brain, spinal and orbital tumors. Neurol Res 14:294-302, 1992.
Leavitt ML, Bailes JE, Elrifai AM, Teeple E, Shih SR, Ciongoli K, Devenyi C, Bazmi B, Maroon JC: Comparison of total blood substitution during two levels of hypothermic cardiac arrest. Biomat Art Cells & Immob Biotech 20:963-972, 1992.
Leavitt ML, Bailes JE, Shih SR, Elrifai AM, Teeple E, Maroon JC: Complete blood substitution during profound hypothermic cardiac arrest in dogs. Biomat Art Cells & Immob Biotech 20:1063-69, 1992.
Leavitt ML, Bailes JE, Elrifai AM, Taylor MJ, Maroon JC, Shih SR, Teeple E: Blood parameters following extracorporeal circulation of a blood substitute during profound hypothermia in dogs. (By Invitation). Proceedings American Academy of Cardiovascular Perfusion 13:49-53, 1992.
Elrifai AM, Bailes JE, Shih SR, Leavitt ML, Teeple E, Taylor MJ, Maroon JC: Blood substitution: an experimental study. J Extra Corporeal Technol 24(2):62-67, 1992.
Elrifai AM, Bailes JE, Maroon JC, Shih SR, Leavitt ML, Teeple E, Devenyi C, Ciongoli K, Bazmi B: Rewarming, hypothermia, and cardiopulmonary bypass. J Extra Corporeal Technol 24(4)107-112, 1993.
Bailes JE, Elrifai AM, Taylor MJ, Shih SR, Teeple E, Leavitt ML, Baust JG, Maroon JC: Ultraprofound hypothermia combined with blood substitution: A new protocol for extending the safe limits of cardiac arrest up to 3 hours. Surg Forum 44:564-567, 1993.
Taylor MJ, Elrifai AM, Bailes JE, Shih SR, Teeple E, Leavitt ML, Maroon JC, Ciongoli KA, Devenyi C: The use of aqueous blood substitution during 3 hours of experimental hypothermic cardiac arrest. Proceed Fifth Eur Cong Extra-Corporeal Technol, 1994.
Bailes JE: NeuroLink: A neurosurgical wide area network. Neurosurgery 35:732-736, 1994.
Taylor MJ, Bailes JE, Elrifai AM, Shih SR, Teeple E, Leavitt ML, Baust JG, Maroon JC: Ansanguineous whole body perfusion with a new intracellular acellular solution and ultraprofound hypothermia provides cellular protection during 3.5 hours of cardiac arrest in a canine model. ASAIO Journal 40:M351-358, 1994.
Greene KA, Marciano FF, Dickman CA, Coons SW, Johnson PC, Bailes JE, Spetzler RF: Anterior communicating artery aneurysm paraparesis syndrome: Clinical manifestations and pathological correlates. Neurology 45: 45-50, 1995.
Taylor MJ, Bailes JE, Elrifai AM, Shih SR, Teeple E, Leavitt ML, Maroon, JC: A new solution for life without blood. Asanquineous low-flow perfusion of a whole-body perfusate during 3 hours of cardiac arrest and profound hypothermia. Circulation 91(2):431-444, 1995.
Simon D, Taylor MJ, Elrifai AM, Shih SR, Bailes JE, Davis D, Kluger Y, Diamond D: Hypothermic blood substitution enables resuscitation after hemorrhagic shock and two hours of cardiac arrest. ASAID Journal 41:M297-300, 1995.
Bailes JE, Elrifai AM, Taylor MJ, Shih SR, Simon D, Diamond D: Combining ultra-profound hypothermia witih blood substitution facilitate resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock. Surg Forum 46:567-569, 1995.
Maroon JC, Bailes JE: Cryoprobe-assisted removal of spinal cord tumors: technical note. Surg Neurol 43:265-266, 1995.
Bailes JE, Fronek J, Tator CH: Sports injuries. Persp Neurol Surg 6:78-84, 1995.
Bailes JE, Elrifai AM, Teeple E, Taylor MJ, Shih SR, Leavitt ML, Maroon JC: The value of monitoring brain temperature, intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure during hypothermia and cardiopulmonary bypass with cardiac arrest. Proceed Fifth Eur Cong Extra-Corporeal Technol, 1996.
Elrifai AM, Bailes JE, Shih SR, Dianzumba S, Brillman J: Characterization of the cardiac effects of subarachnoid hemorrhage in dogs. Stroke 27:737-742, 1996.
Maroon JC, Bailes JE: Management of spinal trauma in athletes. Spine 21:2294-2299, 1996.
Bailes JE, Poole CC, Hutchison W, Maroon JC, Fukushima T: Utilization and cost savings of a wide area computer network for neurosurgical consultation. Telemedicine Journal 3:135-139, 1997
Bailes JE: Computerized systems and telecommunications: Present technology and future applications. Clin Neurosurg 45: 192-201, 1997.
Bailes, JE: Intraoperative microvascular doppler sonography in cerebral aneurysm surgery. Neurosurgery 40:965-972, 1997.
Bailes JE: Use of teleradiological systems for wide area neurosurgical consultation and support. Telemedicine Today 5: 26-29 1997.
Bailes JE, Taylor MJ: Experimental Hypothermia: Applications in Neurosurgery. Neurosurgeons 16:45-60, 1997
Bailes JE: Carotid Endarterectomy. Neurosurgery 16:173-181, 1997
Kattner K, Bailes JE, Fukushima T: Direct surgical management of large bulbous and giant aneurysms involving the paraclinoid segment of the internal carotid artery: report of 29 cases. Surg Neurol 49:471-80, 1998.
Warren WL, Bailes JE: On-field evaluation of athletic neck injury. Clin Sports Med 17: 99-110, 1998.
Warren L, Bailes JE: On-field management of the athletic with head injuries. Clin Sports Med 17: 13-26, 1998.
Cantu RC, Bailes JE, Wilberger JE: Guideline for return to contact or collision sport after a cervical spine injury. Clin Sports Med 17: 137-146, 1998.
Flannagan PP, Bailes JE: Neurological injuries in athletes. Contemp Neurosurg 20:1-7, 1998.
Bailes JE: Computerized systems in telecommunications, present technology and future applications. Clin Neurosurg. 45:192-204, 1999.
Prabhu VC, Bailes JE: Chronic subdural hematoma complicating arachnoid cyst secondary to soccer-related head injury. Neurosurgery. 50:195-198, 2002.
Bailes JE, Hudson V: Classification of Sport-Related Head Trauma: A Spectrum of Mild to Severe Injury. Journal of Athletic Training (Special Issue) 36:236-243. Jul-Sep 2001.
Bailes JE, Cantu RC: Head injury in athletes. Neurosurgery 48:26-46, 2001.
Bailes JE: Carotid endarterectomy. Operative nuances. Neurosurgery 50:1290-1295, 2002.
Wilkinson CE, Multani J, Bailes JE: Chronic subdural hematoma: many unusual presentations of a common malady. WV Med J. 2001.
Kleiner DM, Almquist JL, Bailes JE, et al: Prehospital Care of the Spine-Injured Athlete: a Document from the Inter-Association Task Force for Appropriate Care of the Spine-Injured Athlete. National Athletic Trainers? Association, March 2001.
Bailes JE, Van Der Veer C: Surgical Management of Patients. Clin Neurosurg. Vol. 48, pp 243-259. 2001
Bailes JE, Cantu RC, Day AL, et al: The neurosurgeon in sport: awareness of the risks of heatstroke and dietary supplements. Neurosurgery 51:283-288, 2002.
Miele VJ, Bailes JE, Voelker JL: Boxing and the Neurosurgeon. Clin Neurosurg 49:396-406. 2002.
Carpenter JS, Rosen CL, Bailes J, Gailloud PH: Sinus Pericranii: Clinical and Imaging Findings in Two Cases of Spontaneous Partial Thrombosis. Am J Neuroradiol 25:121-125, 2004.
Carr AM, Bailes JE: Neurological injury and death in all-terrain vehicle crashes in West Virginia: a ten-year retrospective review. Neurosurgery 54:861-867, 2004.
Miele VJ, Bendok B, Bloomfield SM, Ondra SL, Bailes JE: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt dysfunction in adults secondary to conditions causing a transient increase in intra-abdominal pressure: report of three cases. Neurosurgery 55:434. 2004.
Bailes JE, Miele VJ: The science of sports medicine. Clinical Neurosurgery 51:91-101, 2004.
Miele VJ, Carson LV, Carr A, Bailes JE: Acute subdural hematoma in a female boxer: case report and a discussion of unique risks to the female participant. Med Sci Sports Exerc Nov. 36 (11):1852-5. 2004.
Miele VJ, Sadrolhefazi A, Bailes JE: Influence of head position on the effectiveness of twist drill craniostomy for chronic subdural hematoma. Surgical Neurology 63(5):420-423. May 2005.
Miele VJ, Rosen CL, Carpenter JP, Rai AT, Bailes JE: Vertebral artery-to-middle cerebral artery bypass with coil embolization of giant internal carotid artery aneurysm: technical case report. Neurosurgery 56:E1159. 2005.
Bailes JE: Experience with cervical stenosis and temporary paralysis in athletes. J Neurosurg Spine 2:11-16. 2005.
Hall L, Bailes JE: Using Dermabond for wound closure in lumbar and cervical neurosurgical procedures. Operative Neurosurgery ONS-147. 2005.
Lively MW, Bailes JE: Acute lumbar disc injuries in active patients. The Physician and Sportsmedicine 33: 21-27. 2005.
Karlsson B, Lindqvist M, Blomgren H, Wan-Yeo G, Söderman M, Lax I, Yamamoto M, Bailes J: Long-term results after fractionated radiation therapy for large brain arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery 57:42-49. 2005.
Guskiewicz KM, Marshall SW, Bailes JE: Association between recurrent concussion and late-life cognitive impairment in retired professional football players. Neurosurgery 57: 719-726. 2005.
Miele VJ, Price KO, Bloomfield S, Hogg J, Bailes JE: A review of intrathecal morphine therapy related granulomas. European Journal of Pain, 10(3):251-261. 2006
Bailes JE: Head injury in athletes: advances and initiatives in neurological sports medicine. Neurotrauma and Critical Care News Spring 2006: 4-7.
Bailes JE: The modern neurological sports medicine physician ? the neurosurgeon. Neurosurg Focus 21 (4): Intro. 2006.
Miele VJ, Norwig JA, Bailes JE: Sideline and ringside evaluation for brain and spinal injuries. Neurosurg Focus 21(4): E8, 1-11. 2006.
Miele VJ, Bailes JE, Martin NA: Participation in contact or collision sports in athletes with epilepsy, genetic risk factors, structural brain lesions, or history of craniotomy. Neurosurg Focus 21(4): E9, 1-8. 2006.
Miele VJ, Bailes JE, Cantu RC, Rabb CH: Subdural hematomas in boxing: the spectrum of consequences. Neurosurg Focus 21(4): E10, 1-6. 2006.
Miele VJ, Price KO, Bloomfield S, Hogg J, Bailes JE: A review of intrathecal morphine therapy related granulomas. WV Medical Journal 100:22-24. Sept/Oct 2006
Karlsson B, Lax I, Yamamoto M, Söderman M, Jokura H, Rosen C, Bailes J: Calculation of isoeffective doses and the alpha/beta value by comparing results following radiosurgery and radiotherapy for arteriovenous malformations of the brain. J Neurosurg 105: 183-189. December 2006.
Miele VJ, Bailes JE: Objectifying when to halt a boxing match: a video analysis of fatalities. Neurosurgery 60. 2007.
Bailes JE, Petschauer M, Guskiewicz K, Marano G: Management of cervical spine injuries in athletes. Journal of Athletic Training 42(1):126-134, March 2007.
Guskiewicz KM, Marshall SM, Bailes JE, McCrea M, Harding HP, Matthews A, Mihalik JR, Cantu RC: Recurrent concussions and risk of depression in retired professional football players. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39:903-909. 2007.
Roberts L, Bailes J, Dedhia H, Zikos A, Singh A, McDowell D, Failinger C, Biundo R, Petrick J, Carpenter J: Surviving a mine explosion. J Am Coll Surg 207(2):276-283. August 2008.
Eschemendia RJ, Herring S, Bailes JE: Who should conduct and interpret neuropsychological assessments? Br J Sports Med, 43: i32 - i35, 2009.
Bailes JE: Sports-related concussion: what do we know in 2009? J. International Neuropsychological Society, Jul;15(4):509-11. 2009.
Omalu B, Bailes J, Hammers J, Fitzsimmons RP: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, suicides and parasuicides in professional American athletes: the role of the forensic pathologist. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2010 Jun;31(2):130-2.
Wilent WB, Oh MY, Buetefisch C, Bailes JE, Cantella D, Angel C, Whiting DM: Induction of panic attack by stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus. J Neurosurg 112:1295-1298. June 2010.
Omalu B, Hamilton RL, Kamboh MI, DeKosky ST, Bailes J: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in a National Football League player: case report and emerging medicolegal practice questions. J Forensic Nurs. 6:40-46, 2010.
Omalu BI, Fitzsimmons RP, Hammers J, Bailes J. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in a professional American wrestler. J Forensic Nurs. 2010 Fall;6(3):130-6.
Bailes JE, Mills JD. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) reduces traumatic axonal injury in a rodent head injury model. J Neurotrauma 27(9):1617-24. 2010.
Mills JD, Bailes JE, Guskiewicz KM: Protection for the contact sport athlete: dietary supplementation with the omega-3 FA DHA. J Athlet Training, submitted 2010.
Mills JD, Sedney CL, Shih SR, Bailes JE. Omega-3 dietary supplementation reduces traumatic axonal injury in a rodent head injury model. J Neurosurg. Jan;114(1):77-84. 2011.
Sedney CL, Orphanos J, Bailes JE. When to consider retiring an athlete after sports-related concussion. Clin Sports Med 30:189-200. 2011.
Bailes JE, Mills JD, Hadley K. Dietary Supplementation with the Omega-3 Fatty Acid Docosahexaenoic Acid in Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurosurgery, 68(2):474-481. February 2011.
Omalu B, Bailes J, Hamilton R, Kamboh I, Hammers J, Case M, Fitzsimmons R. Emerging histomorphologic phenotypes of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in American athletes. Neurosurgery 69: 173-183, 2011.
Wilent WB, Oh MY, Buetefisch C, Bailes JE, Cantella D, Angle C, Whiting DM. Mapping of microstimulation evoked responses and unit activity patterns in the lateral hypothalamic area recorded in awake humans. Journal of Neurosurgery. 2011 Apr 15. DOI 10.3171/2011.3.JNS101574
Sedney CL, Coger BR, Bailes JE. Posterior fossa subdural hematoma resulting in locked-in syndrome. Neurosurgery. 2011. [Epub ahead of print]
Lewis M, Bailes JE. Neuroprotection for the warrior: dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids. Military Med 176: 1120-1127, 2011.
Mills JD, Bailes JE, Turner RC, Dodson SC, Sakai J, Maroon JC. Anabolic steroids and head injury. Neurosurgery 70: 205-210, 2012
Smith DW, Bailes JE, Fisher JA, Robles J, Turner RC, Mills JD. Internal jugular vein compression mitigates traumatic axonal injury in rat model by reducing intracranial slosh effect. Neurosurgery 70:740-746, 2012.
Petraglia A, Winkler EA, Bailes JE. Stuck at the bench: Potential natural neuroprotective compounds for concussion. Surg Neurol Int. 2: 146-169, 2011.
Petraglia A, Maroon JC, Bailes JE. From the field of play to the field of combat: a review of medical management of concussion. Neurosurgery 2012, in press.
Omalu B, Bailes JE, Hammers J, Hamilton R, Fitzsimmons R. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in a patient erroneously diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. J Neurosurg Focus 31:1-10, 2011.

BOOKS

Bailes JE, Spetzler RF: Microsurgical Carotid Endarterectomy. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1996
Bailes JE, Lovell M, Maroon J: Sports Related Concussion. Quality Medical Publishing, St Louis, 1999.
Bailes JE, Day A: Neurological Sports Medicine, AANS Publications, Rolling Meadows, IL, 2001.
Bailes JE, McCloskey J: When Winning Costs Too Much, Taylor Publishing, Philadelphia, PA, 2005.
Petraglia A, Bailes J, Day A. Neurological Sports Medicine. Human Kinetic Publishers, Champaign, IL, 2012 In press.